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75 Images of the Pacific War
In this gallery of 75 images, we examine the key features of WWII's Pacific War. After the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, the US naval base in Hawaii, Japan continued to expand its empire until the turning point of the Battle of Midway in mid-1942, when four Japanese aircraft carriers were sunk. The US air, sea, and land forces then went on the offensive and proceeded over the next three years to liberate successive Pacific island groups. Japan itself was attacked but did not surrender until the dropping of two atomic bombs in August 1945.
James Bass & William Taburn, Nansemond Indian Nation Patriot Warriors: A Call for Research
It should not be surprising to find Native American Patriots and men who intermarried into Native American families among the thousands of men who served during the American Revolution. Two of these men were James Bass and William Taburn, and today we can trace their relationship to the Nansemond Indian Nation. Linking these men with
Matter of Aratta: The Great Sumerian Epic
The Matter of Aratta is the modern-day title for a collection of four poems – Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta, Enmerkar and En-suhgir-ana, Lugalbanda in the Mountain Cave, and Lugalbanda and the Anzud Bird – concerning the rivalry between the cities of Uruk and Aratta and dated to the Ur III period (circa 2112 to circa 2004 BCE).
First Days in the Union Army: Recruitment and Training in the Civil War
Recruitment and training practices during the American Civil War varied according to the year, the commanding officer, and between the opposing forces, but followed the same basic model. When the war began in 1861, both sides believed it would be a short conflict and easily won. They both realized they were wrong after the First Battle of Bull Run (First Manassas) on 21 July 1861.
My Family Arrived at this Place: A Loyalist Ranger’s Road from Saratoga
“My Famely a Raived at this Place”—Lt. Henry Simmons, The Cascades, June 23, 1783 For the Loyalists who joined British General John Burgoyne’s army in the weeks and months leading up to the decisive battles at Saratoga in the fall of 1777, the British defeat meant far more than the loss of a battle. Men
Battle of Belmont: B. F. Sawyer's Eyewitness Account
The Battle of Belmont (7 November 1861) was an engagement fought during the American Civil War in Mississippi County, Missouri. It was the first combat command of Union Brigadier General Ulysses S. Grant in the war and the first battle experience of most of the men under him. The same was true of the Confederate soldiers fighting under Major General Leonidas Polk and Brigadier General Gideon J. Pillow.
Freedom Round the Globe: A World History of the American Revolution
BOOK REVIEW: Freedom Round the Globe: A World History of the American Revolution by Sarah M.S. Pearsall (New York, NY: Doubleday, 2026) $35.00 hardcover. Johns Hopkins history professor Sarah M.S. Pearsall has given American Revolutionary War scholars a one-of-a-kind look at the Revolution and its role as a world event. Instead of describing how the
Drinking Customs in Merry Olde England
Raising toasts, sharing cups of cheer, and singing raucous songs while partaking of alcohol are customs which date back to the early Middle Ages in England. Several of the more formal customs persist today in public and private institutions that cherish traditions. Nowadays, glass dominates when landlords pull a pint, but this was not always so.
Officers of the Roman Army
With the appearance of the legionary, the Roman army was able to maintain a vast empire that totally embraced the Mediterranean Sea. Although the success of the army rested on the backs of the foot-soldiers and cavalry, there were others on the field and in camp who enabled them to prevail. Besides the famed centurion who stood at the front of his cohort and led his legionaries into battle, there was a command hierarchy of military tribunes, a camp prefect, and a legate.
Trade, Land, Speculation: William Kerin Constable in the Age of Revolution
The Marquis de Lafayette arrived in New York City to great fanfare on August 16, 1824. Two days later the sixty-six year old Frenchman and his entourage made their way across the East River to inspect the Brooklyn Navy Yard. Before returning to Manhattan, they paid a social call to the Brooklyn Heights home of
David Steele’s Macabre Medal
Introduction When most people think of medals, they think of portable discs often suspended from a ribbon and made of metal (frequently gold, silver, or bronze) that commemorate a deed, an event, or an achievement. Revolutionary War veteran David Steele’s medal was neither circular nor metal, embossed nor engraved. He received it not from the
The Loyalist Experience and Aftermath in Revolutionary Philadelphia
BOOK REVIEW: The Loyalist Experience and Aftermath in Revolutionary Philadelphia by Kimberly Nath (Brookline, 2026) $32.95 hardcover. In an 1813 letter to his former congressional colleague Thomas McKean, John Adams provided his own conjecture as to what percentage of the American population actively supported the American Revolution. Clarifying McKean’s own inexact claim that “the great
America’s Original Stimulus Package: A Catalytic, Consequential Fishing Policy
The heady days of the Declaration of Independence, struggle, victory, and a new Constitution were all behind him. Now, within weeks of taking office as President of the United States, George Washington presided over a toxic political atmosphere. Despite initial hopes for national unity, a vicious partisan press had emerged. Mobs on the frontier flirted
The Battle of Cowpens: Correcting A Historical Error
The Battle of Cowpens, fought on January 17, 1781, in South Carolina, was one of the most significant American victories in the War for Independence. At a relatively low cost in casualties, the Americans destroyed the light troops of the British southern army, which not only weakened British control of South Carolina but more importantly,
Closing the Ring: George Washington’s War in the North, 1778–1781
BOOK REVIEW: Closing the Ring: George Washington’s War in the North 1778–1781 by Jeffrey A Denman (Havertown, PA: Casemate, 2026) $34.95 hardcover. When historians and the general public consider the more prominent moments of the American Revolution, they surely think of Lexington and Concord, the battles of Bunker Hill, Trenton, Saratoga, and the Siege of
The Long, Sad Life of the Continental Frigate Delaware
On October 13, 1775, Congress resolved to buy four merchant ships and convert them to warships. Three more ships were soon acquired. A naval committee was established. The Continental Navy was created. On December 11 Congress authorized a new committee to devise ways and means of developing the navy. A member of the congress from
James Wilson and Popular Sovereignty: Recovering the Democratic Foundations of the American Constitution
Recovering James Wilson’s Constitutional Vision Few figures of the American founding exhibit a greater disparity between historical significance and public recognition than James Wilson. A signer of both the Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution, one of the Constitutional Convention’s most influential delegates, and an original Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, Wilson
American Patriarch: The Life of George Washington by H. W. Brands
American Patriarch: The Life of George Washington by H. W. Brands (New York, NY: Doubleday, 2026) $40.00 hardcover. The prolific historian H. W. Brands has added to his Revolutionary Era portfolio (previous books include Founding Partisans, Heirs of the Founders and Our First Civil War) with his biography of His Excellency, American Patriarch: The Life
From Roxbury to Exeter: The Evolution of a Revolutionary Song
Revolutionary patriotic songs did not always remain fixed after entering circulation. Soldiers, civilians, and families copied and performed them in manuscripts and other informal settings, allowing their wording and content to change over time.[1] A small manuscript ledger kept in rural Exeter, Rhode Island, between approximately 1793 and 1798 preserves evidence of this process. Amid
This Week on Dispatches: Davis Richardson on Lafayette, Jefferson, and Revolutionary Ideas
On this week’s Dispatches, host Brady Crytzer interviews JAR contributor and historian Davis Richardson about the correspondence between the Marquis de Lafayette and Thomas Jefferson in the wake of the American Revolution and the coming French Revolution. New episodes of Dispatches are available for free every Sunday evening(Eastern United States Time), first on iTunes, Stitcher,
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